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	<title>Comments on: Some notes on Weyl quantisation</title>
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	<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/</link>
	<description>Updates on my research and expository papers, discussion of open problems, and other maths-related topics.  By Terence Tao</description>
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		<title>By: Lars Hormander &#171; What&#8217;s new</title>
		<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/#comment-198030</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Lars Hormander &#171; What&#8217;s new]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Nov 2012 19:53:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://terrytao.wordpress.com/?p=6213#comment-198030</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] to multiplying a phase space distribution by the symbol  of that operator, as discussed in this previous blog post. Note that such operators only change the amplitude of the phase space distribution, but not the [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] to multiplying a phase space distribution by the symbol  of that operator, as discussed in this previous blog post. Note that such operators only change the amplitude of the phase space distribution, but not the [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Marcelo de Almeida</title>
		<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/#comment-189507</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Marcelo de Almeida]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Nov 2012 02:08:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://terrytao.wordpress.com/?p=6213#comment-189507</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Reblogged this on &lt;a href=&quot;http://nucaltiado.wordpress.com/2012/11/05/359/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Being simple&lt;/a&gt;.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Reblogged this on <a href="http://nucaltiado.wordpress.com/2012/11/05/359/" rel="nofollow">Being simple</a>.</p>
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		<title>By: º«µÀÔª</title>
		<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/#comment-184184</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[º«µÀÔª]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 20 Oct 2012 11:35:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://terrytao.wordpress.com/?p=6213#comment-184184</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I appreciate it very much that you send every new post of &#039;what&#039;s new&#039;, however could you please send me the whole post rather than just a part of it. 

Yours sincere, 

Han Daoyuan  

Sent from my iPad]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I appreciate it very much that you send every new post of &#8216;what&#8217;s new&#8217;, however could you please send me the whole post rather than just a part of it. </p>
<p>Yours sincere, </p>
<p>Han Daoyuan  </p>
<p>Sent from my iPad</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Sam Sachdev</title>
		<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/#comment-180711</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sam Sachdev]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Oct 2012 01:34:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://terrytao.wordpress.com/?p=6213#comment-180711</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Totally fascinating. Thanks for taking time to make notes on Weyl quantisation.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Totally fascinating. Thanks for taking time to make notes on Weyl quantisation.</p>
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		<title>By: degosson</title>
		<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/#comment-179995</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[degosson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Oct 2012 11:22:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://terrytao.wordpress.com/?p=6213#comment-179995</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Perhaps I missed something, but it seems that you don&#039;t mention a characteristic property of Weyl pseudodifferential operators: they are the only members of the Shubin class that have the property of symplectic/metaplectic covariance (Stein, Wong) . Also, the fact that Weyl operators is the &quot;perfect&quot; quantization procedure in QM is debatable, as has been pointed out by many physicists. In view of Schwartz&#039;s kernel theorem &quot;everything&quot; which is continuous S--&gt;S&#039; can be written as a Weyl operator, hence any quantum observable could be &quot;dequantized&quot;, but this is physically not true: there are quantum observables which have no classical analogue. A better (i.e. more physical) quantization procedure might very well be the Born-Jordan scheme, which is not always &quot;dequantizable&quot; (see my latest paper &quot;Symplectic covariance properties for Shubin and Born--Jordan pseudo-differential operators&quot; in the Trans. Amer. Math. Soc, online since last Saturday: http://www.ams.org/journals/tran/0000-000-00/).]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Perhaps I missed something, but it seems that you don&#8217;t mention a characteristic property of Weyl pseudodifferential operators: they are the only members of the Shubin class that have the property of symplectic/metaplectic covariance (Stein, Wong) . Also, the fact that Weyl operators is the &#8220;perfect&#8221; quantization procedure in QM is debatable, as has been pointed out by many physicists. In view of Schwartz&#8217;s kernel theorem &#8220;everything&#8221; which is continuous S&#8211;&gt;S&#8217; can be written as a Weyl operator, hence any quantum observable could be &#8220;dequantized&#8221;, but this is physically not true: there are quantum observables which have no classical analogue. A better (i.e. more physical) quantization procedure might very well be the Born-Jordan scheme, which is not always &#8220;dequantizable&#8221; (see my latest paper &#8220;Symplectic covariance properties for Shubin and Born&#8211;Jordan pseudo-differential operators&#8221; in the Trans. Amer. Math. Soc, online since last Saturday: <a href="http://www.ams.org/journals/tran/0000-000-00/" rel="nofollow">http://www.ams.org/journals/tran/0000-000-00/</a>).</p>
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		<title>By: Steven Stadnicki</title>
		<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/#comment-179801</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Steven Stadnicki]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Oct 2012 00:52:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://terrytao.wordpress.com/?p=6213#comment-179801</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Minor typo: your definition of the position operator $latex X$ is missing the factor of $latex x$; presumably it&#039;s meant to be $latex X(f(x)) := xf(x)$.

&lt;i&gt;[Corrected, thanks - T.]&lt;/i&gt;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Minor typo: your definition of the position operator <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=X&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='X' title='X' class='latex' /> is missing the factor of <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='x' title='x' class='latex' />; presumably it&#8217;s meant to be <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=X%28f%28x%29%29+%3A%3D+xf%28x%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='X(f(x)) := xf(x)' title='X(f(x)) := xf(x)' class='latex' />.</p>
<p><i>[Corrected, thanks - T.]</i></p>
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		<title>By: Terence Tao</title>
		<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/#comment-179717</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Terence Tao]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Oct 2012 19:46:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://terrytao.wordpress.com/?p=6213#comment-179717</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Yes, this would work, although for the purposes of Section 1, one could also proceed without the SL_2 invariance just by writing $latex A&#039; := sA+tB$, $latex B&#039; := s&#039;A+t&#039;B$ and working with A&#039; and B&#039; throughout; this does not significantly affect the length of the presentation in this simple case, but is helpful when working with more than two variables as alluded to at the end of Section 1.  To me it is a matter of taste - if one wants to prove some identity about finite-dimensional symplectic vector spaces, for instance, does one work in a coordinate free fashion, or does one apply the linear Darboux theorem first to place the symplectic form in a normal form?  Both approaches are useful.  (Of course, strictly speaking I did not work in a coordinate free fashion in my notes, since I did write everything in terms of A and B, but as mentioned above it is not too difficult to phrase things in the coordinate free formalism.)]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes, this would work, although for the purposes of Section 1, one could also proceed without the SL_2 invariance just by writing <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%27+%3A%3D+sA%2BtB&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='A&#039; := sA+tB' title='A&#039; := sA+tB' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B%27+%3A%3D+s%27A%2Bt%27B&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='B&#039; := s&#039;A+t&#039;B' title='B&#039; := s&#039;A+t&#039;B' class='latex' /> and working with A&#8217; and B&#8217; throughout; this does not significantly affect the length of the presentation in this simple case, but is helpful when working with more than two variables as alluded to at the end of Section 1.  To me it is a matter of taste &#8211; if one wants to prove some identity about finite-dimensional symplectic vector spaces, for instance, does one work in a coordinate free fashion, or does one apply the linear Darboux theorem first to place the symplectic form in a normal form?  Both approaches are useful.  (Of course, strictly speaking I did not work in a coordinate free fashion in my notes, since I did write everything in terms of A and B, but as mentioned above it is not too difficult to phrase things in the coordinate free formalism.)</p>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/#comment-179676</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Anonymous]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Oct 2012 17:47:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://terrytao.wordpress.com/?p=6213#comment-179676</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[missing expository tag?]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>missing expository tag?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: David Speyer</title>
		<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/#comment-179583</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[David Speyer]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Oct 2012 13:15:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://terrytao.wordpress.com/?p=6213#comment-179583</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I haven&#039;t finished reading to the end yet, but I think the first section would be much easier to read if you started with the observation that Weyl quantization has a $latex SL_2$ symmetry. Namely, let $latex V$ be the two dimensional vector space generated by $latex A$ and $latex B$; let $latex \bigotimes^{\bullet} V$ be the tensor algebra $latex \mathbb{C} \oplus V \oplus V \otimes V \oplus \cdots$ and let $latex R$ be the ring generated by the operators $latex A$ and $latex B$. If $latex g$ is in $latex SL(V)$, and $latex u$ and $latex v$ are operators from $latex V$, then $latex [gu, gv]= [u,v]$. So $latex SL(V)$ acts on $latex R$, and the map $latex \bigoplus^{\bullet} V \to R$ commutes with the $latex SL(V)$ action.

The Weyl quantization is to lift an element of $latex R$ to the unique preimage in $latex \bigoplus^{\bullet} V$ which lies in $latex S^{\bullet}(V)$. This choice of lifts manifestly respects the $latex SL(V)$ symmetry.

Therefore, in section 1, there is no need to carry around the $latex (sA+tB)$ and $latex (s&#039;A + t&#039; B)$ terms. Just use the $latex SL(V)$ symmetry to reduce to the case where one operator is $latex A$ and the other is $latex t B$. Moreover, if you want to make life even simpler, you can work with just $latex A$ and $latex B$ and restore the powers of $latex t$ at the end by homogeneity.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I haven&#8217;t finished reading to the end yet, but I think the first section would be much easier to read if you started with the observation that Weyl quantization has a <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SL_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='SL_2' title='SL_2' class='latex' /> symmetry. Namely, let <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=V&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='V' title='V' class='latex' /> be the two dimensional vector space generated by <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> and <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='B' title='B' class='latex' />; let <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cbigotimes%5E%7B%5Cbullet%7D+V&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;bigotimes^{&#92;bullet} V' title='&#92;bigotimes^{&#92;bullet} V' class='latex' /> be the tensor algebra <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathbb%7BC%7D+%5Coplus+V+%5Coplus+V+%5Cotimes+V+%5Coplus+%5Ccdots&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;mathbb{C} &#92;oplus V &#92;oplus V &#92;otimes V &#92;oplus &#92;cdots' title='&#92;mathbb{C} &#92;oplus V &#92;oplus V &#92;otimes V &#92;oplus &#92;cdots' class='latex' /> and let <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=R&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='R' title='R' class='latex' /> be the ring generated by the operators <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> and <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='B' title='B' class='latex' />. If <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='g' title='g' class='latex' /> is in <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SL%28V%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='SL(V)' title='SL(V)' class='latex' />, and <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=u&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='u' title='u' class='latex' /> and <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=v&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='v' title='v' class='latex' /> are operators from <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=V&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='V' title='V' class='latex' />, then <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Bgu%2C+gv%5D%3D+%5Bu%2Cv%5D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='[gu, gv]= [u,v]' title='[gu, gv]= [u,v]' class='latex' />. So <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SL%28V%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='SL(V)' title='SL(V)' class='latex' /> acts on <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=R&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='R' title='R' class='latex' />, and the map <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cbigoplus%5E%7B%5Cbullet%7D+V+%5Cto+R&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;bigoplus^{&#92;bullet} V &#92;to R' title='&#92;bigoplus^{&#92;bullet} V &#92;to R' class='latex' /> commutes with the <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SL%28V%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='SL(V)' title='SL(V)' class='latex' /> action.</p>
<p>The Weyl quantization is to lift an element of <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=R&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='R' title='R' class='latex' /> to the unique preimage in <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cbigoplus%5E%7B%5Cbullet%7D+V&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;bigoplus^{&#92;bullet} V' title='&#92;bigoplus^{&#92;bullet} V' class='latex' /> which lies in <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S%5E%7B%5Cbullet%7D%28V%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='S^{&#92;bullet}(V)' title='S^{&#92;bullet}(V)' class='latex' />. This choice of lifts manifestly respects the <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SL%28V%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='SL(V)' title='SL(V)' class='latex' /> symmetry.</p>
<p>Therefore, in section 1, there is no need to carry around the <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28sA%2BtB%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='(sA+tB)' title='(sA+tB)' class='latex' /> and <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28s%27A+%2B+t%27+B%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='(s&#039;A + t&#039; B)' title='(s&#039;A + t&#039; B)' class='latex' /> terms. Just use the <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SL%28V%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='SL(V)' title='SL(V)' class='latex' /> symmetry to reduce to the case where one operator is <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> and the other is <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t+B&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='t B' title='t B' class='latex' />. Moreover, if you want to make life even simpler, you can work with just <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> and <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='B' title='B' class='latex' /> and restore the powers of <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='t' title='t' class='latex' /> at the end by homogeneity.</p>
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		<title>By: Fred Lunnon</title>
		<link>http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/07/some-notes-on-weyl-quantisation/#comment-179555</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Fred Lunnon]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Oct 2012 11:53:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://terrytao.wordpress.com/?p=6213#comment-179555</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Section 1 penultimate sentence:  F^*(z)  definition contradictory?

&lt;i&gt;[Sorry, I don&#039;t see what the problem is here.  Note that the use of the asterisk in $latex F^*(z)$ does not quite denote adjoint or complex conjugation, although it is of course related to those two concepts. -T.]&lt;/i&gt;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Section 1 penultimate sentence:  F^*(z)  definition contradictory?</p>
<p><i>[Sorry, I don't see what the problem is here.  Note that the use of the asterisk in <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=F%5E%2A%28z%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=545454&amp;s=0' alt='F^*(z)' title='F^*(z)' class='latex' /> does not quite denote adjoint or complex conjugation, although it is of course related to those two concepts. -T.]</i></p>
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