Last updated Oct 5, 2013

Analysis, Volume II
Terence Tao
Hindustan Book Agency, January 2006
Paper cover, 274 pages. ISBN 81-85931-62-3

This is basically an expanded and cleaned up version of my lecture notes for Math 131B. In the US, it is available through the American Mathematical Society. It is part of a two-volume series; here is my page for Volume I.

— Errata to the first edition (softcover) —

• p. 392, example 12.1.7: $5+2=7$ should be $3+4=7$.
• p. 393, example 12.1.9: $\sup(5,2)=7$ should be $\sup(3,4)=4$.
• p. 394, example 12.1.13: (iii) should be (c).
• p. 403, example 12.2.13: delete the redundant “, but not the other”.
• p. 404, line 4: “neither open and closed” should be “neither open nor closed”.
• p. 415, line 3: $\alpha \in A$ should be $\alpha \in I$.
• p. 416, line 11: “$k \geq j$” should be “$k > j$“.
• p. 419, line -2: In Exercise 12.5.15, = should be $\neq$. Also, “that by counterexample” should be “by counterexample that”
• p. 426, Exercise 13.2.9: $X$ should be ${\Bbb R}$ throughout.  Also, the definition of limsup and liminf for functions has not been given; it can be reviewed here, e.g. by inserting “where we define $\limsup_{x \to x_0} f(x) := \inf_{r>0} \sup_{x: |x-x_0| \leq r} f(x)$ and $\liminf_{x \to x_0} f(x) := \sup_{r>0} \inf_{x: |x-x_0| \leq r} f(x)$.”
• p. 435, Definition 13.5.6: “metric space” should be “topological space”.
• p. 438, Exercise 13.5.9: One needs to assume as an additional hypothesis that X is first countable, which means that for every x in X there exists a countable sequence V_n of neighborhoods of x, such that every neighbourhood of x contains one of the V_n.
• p. 452, Exercise 14.3.6: “Propositoin” should be “Proposition”.
• p. 452, Exercise 14.3.8: “$x \in {\Bbb R}$” should be “$x \in X$“.
• p. 458: Exercise 14.5.2 should be deleted and redirected to Exercise 14.2.2(c).
• p. 459: In line 11, $2 \epsilon$ should be $\epsilon$.
• p. 464: ) missing at the end of Exercise 14.7.2.  An additional exercise, Exercise 14.7.3 is missing; it should state “Prove Corollary 14.7.3.”.
• p. 466: Exercise 14.8.8 should be Exercise 14.8.2.
• p. 467: Exercise 14.8.11 should be Exercise 14.8.4.
• p. 469: “Limits of integration” should be “Limits of summation”. In Lemma 14.8.14, $3M+2\delta$ should be $1+4M$, and Exercise 14.8.14 should be Exercise 14.8.6.
• p. 470: Exercise 14.8.15 should be Exercise 14.8.7. Exercise 14.8.16 should refer to a (currently non-existent) Exercise 14.8.9, which of course would be to prove Lemma 14.8.16.
• p. 471: At the end of the proof of Corollary 14.8.19, $|P(y)-g(y)| \leq \varepsilon$ should be $|P(y)-f(y)| \leq \varepsilon$.
• p. 472: In Exercise 14.8.2(c), Lemma 14.8.2 should be Lemma 14.8.8.
• p. 477: In Exercise 15.1.1(e), Corollary 14.8.18 should be Corollary 14.6.2.
• p. 478: In Example 15.2.2, $\frac{1}{x-1}$ should be $\frac{1}{1-x}$.
• p. 482: In Exercise 15.2.5, the $(x-b)^n$ on the right-hand side should be $(x-b)^m$.
• p. 486: In second and third display, y should be in ${}[0,1]$ rather than $(-1,1)$.
• p. 493: In Exercise 15.5.4, $x < 0$ should be $x \leq 0$.
• p. 501: In Theorem 17.7.2, “if $f(x_0)$ is not invertible” should be “if $f'(x_0)$ is not invertible”.
• p. 502: In Exercise 15.6.6, Lemma 15.6.6 should be Lemma 15.6.11.
• p. 511: “Fourier… was, among other things, the governor of Egypt during the reign of Napoleon. After the Napoleonic wars, he returned to mathematics.” should be “Fourier… was, among other things, an administrator accompanying Napoleon on his invasion of Egypt, and then a Prefect in France during Napoleon’s reign.”
• p. 556: In Theorem 17.5.4, f can take values in ${\Bbb R}^m$ and not just in $R$; insert the line “By working with one component of $f$ at a time, we may assume $m=1$” as the first line of the proof. Also, $f(x-x_0)$ should be $f(x+x_0)$.
• p. 557: In the second display, $-f(0)$ should be $+f(0)$.
• p. 560: In Exercise 17.6.1, add the hypothesis “and $f'$ is continuous” before “, show that $f$ is a strict contraction”.
• p. 561: In Exercise 17.6.3, change “which is a strict contraction” to “such that $|f(x)-f(y)| < |x-y|$ for all distinct $x,y$ in ${}[a,b]$“. In Exercise 17.6.8, $\max(c,c')$ should be $\min(c,c')$.
• p. 562: In Theorem 17.7.2, $T: E \to {\Bbb R}^n$ should be $f: E \to {\Bbb R}^n$.
• p. 565, line -7: $U$ should be $f^{-1}(B(0,r/2))$ rather than $f^{-1}(B(0,r))$.
• p. 570, first display: all partial derivatives should have a – sign (not just the first one).  Last paragraph: “Thus $(x_1,\ldots,x_{n-1})$ lies in W” should be “Thus $(x_1,\ldots,x_{n-1})$ lies in U”.
• p. 571, second display: add “$=0$” at the end.
• p. 584, Corollary 18.2.7: “$x_i \in [a_i,b_i]$” should be “$x_i \in (a_i,b_i)$“.
• p. 599, Definition 18.5.9: $(a,\infty)$ should be $(a,+\infty]$.
• p. 600: In Lemma 18.5.10, $f: \Omega \to {\Bbb R}$ should be $f: \Omega \to {\Bbb R}^*$.  In the second and fourth lines of the proof of this lemma, $(a,+\infty)$ should be $(a,+\infty]$.
• p. 616-617, Exercise 19.2.10: ${\Bbb R}$ should be ${}[0,1]$ throughout.

— Errata to the second edition (hardcover) —

• p. ???, At the end of Example 12.1.6, add “Extending the convention from Example 12.1.4, if we refer to ${\bf R}^n$ as a metric space, we assume that the metric is given by the Euclidean metric unless otherwise specified.”
• p. 372, In Case 1 of the proof of Theorem 12.5.8, all occurrences of “$y^{(n)}$ should be $y^{(n_j)}$ in the second paragraph.
• p. 374, In Exercise 12.5.12(b), the phrase “with the Euclidean metric” should be deleted.
• p. 390: In Exercise 13.5.5, “there exist $a, b \in X$ such that the “interval” $\{ y \in X: a < y < b \}$” should be replaced with “there exists a set $I$ which is an interval $\{y \in X: a < y < b\}$ for some $a, b \in X$, a ray $\{y \in X: a < y \}$ for some $a \in X$, the ray $\{ y \in X: y < b\}$ for some $b \in X$, or the whole space $X$, which”.   In Exercises 13.5.6 and 13.5.7, “Hausdorff” should be “not Hausdorff”.
• p. 390: Exercise 13.5.8 should be replaced as follows: “Show that there exists an uncountable well-ordered set $\omega_1+1$ that has a maximal element $\infty$, and such that the initial segments $\{ x \in \omega_1+1: x < y \}$ are countable for all $y \in \omega_1+1 \backslash \{\infty\}$.   (Hint: Well-order the real numbers using Exercise 8.5.19, take the union of all the countable initial segments, and then adjoin a maximal element $\infty$.)  If we give $\omega_1+1$ the order topology (Exercise 13.5.5), show that $\omega_1+1$ is compact; however, show that not every sequence has a convergent subsequence.”
• p. ???: In Proposition 14.1.5(d), add “Furthermore, if $x_0 \in E$, then $f(x_0)=L$.”
• p. 396: In Exercise 14.1.5, $\lim_{y \to y_0; y \in f(E)} g(x)$ should be $\lim_{y \to y_0; y \in f(E)} g(y)$, and $\lim_{x \to x_0; x \in E} g \circ f(x_0)$ should be $\lim_{x \to x_0; x \in E} g \circ f(x)$.
• p. 425: In Theorem 15.1.6(d), the summation should start from n=1 rather than n=0.
• p. 427: Just before Definition 15.2.4, “for some $a \in {\ bf R}$” should be “for some $r > 0$“.
• p. 431: In Exercise 15.2.8(e), “$d_m (x-b)^n$” should be “$d_m (x-b)^m$.  In Exercise 15.2.8(d), $(s-\varepsilon)^m$ should be $(s-\varepsilon)^{-m}$.
• p. 433 (proof of Theorem 15.3.1): $s_N$ in the third display and $s_0$ in the next line should be
$S_N$ and $S_0$ respectively.
• p. ???: In Exercise 15.7.2, $x-y$ should be $x_0-y$.
• p. 452: In Exercise 15.7.6, “complex real number” should be “complex number”.
• p. 473: In Exercise 16.5.4, $in \hat f(n)$ should be $2\pi i n \hat f(n)$.
• p. 477: In Example 17.1.7, $x \in {\Bbb R}$ should be $c \in {\Bbb R}$.
• p. 486: In Definition 17.3.7, $1 \leq j \leq m$ should be $1 \leq j \leq n$, and $x_0+tv$ should be $x_0+te_j$.
• p. 488: In the definition of L in the proof of Theorem 17.3.8, m should be n.
• p. 492: In Exercise 17.3.1, Exercise 17.1.3 should be Exercise 17.2.1.
• p. 495: In the proof of Theorem 17.5.4, $a'$ should equal $\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i} \frac{\partial}{\partial x_j} f(0)$ rather than $\frac{\partial}{\partial x_j} \frac{\partial}{\partial x_i} f(0)$.
• p. 499, proof of Lemma 17.6.6: After “$F$ does indeed map $B(0,r)$ to itself.”, add “The same argument shows that for a sufficiently small $\varepsilon > 0$, $F$ maps the closed ball $\overline{B(0,r-\varepsilon)}$ to itself.  After “$F$ is a strict contraction”, add “on $B(0,r)$, and hence on the complete space $\overline{B(0,r-\varepsilon)}$“.
• p.502, proof of Theorem 17.7.2: “$f^{-1}(y)={\tilde f}^{-1}(y+f(x_0))$” should be “$f^{-1}(y)={\tilde f}^{-1}(y-f(x_0))$“.
• p. 505, Section 17.8: $(0,1)$ should be $(-1,0)$.  In the second paragraph, the function $f$ should be $g$ (for better compatibility with the discussion of the implicit function theorem).
• p.508, proof of Theorem 17.8.1, “U is open and contains $(y_1, \dots,y_{n-1},0)$” should be “U is open and contains $(y_1, \dots,y_{n-1})$“.
• p. 515: In the display before Definition 18.2.4, $j=\in J$ should be $j \in J$.  In Definition 18.2.4, $\sum_{j=1}^\infty$ should be $\sum_{j \in J}$.
• p. 520: In Example 18.2.9, $\sum_{q\in\mathbf{Q}} m*(\mathbf{Q})$ should be $\sum_{q\in\mathbf{Q}} m*(\{q\})$ in the display.
• p. 528, proof of Lemma 18.4.8: On the second line, “let $A$ be any other measurable set” should be “let $A$ be an arbitrary set (not necessarily measurable)”.
• p. 545: In Corollary 19.2.11, “non-negative functions” should be “non-negative measurable functions”.
• p. 555, Remark 19.5.2: x and y should be swapped in “equals 1 when $x>0$ and y=0, equals -1 when $x<0$ and y=0, and equals zero otherwise”.

– Errata for the third edition –

• Page 471?: In Remark 16.5.2, “continuously differentiable” may be relaxed to just “differentiable”, and “twice continuously differentiable” may be relaxed to “continuously differentiable”.

Caution: the page numbering is not consistent across editions.

Thanks to Biswaranjan Behera, Carlos, EO, Florian, Gökhan Güçlü, Bart Kleijngeld, Eric Koelink, Wang Kunyang, Matthis Lehmkühler, Jason M., Manoranjan Majji, Geoff Mess, Cristina Pereyra, Kent Van Vels, Haokun Xu, and the students of Math 401/501 and Math 402/502 at the University of New Mexico for corrections.