Sports serve society by providing vivid examples of excellence. (George Will)
I greatly enjoyed my experiences with high school mathematics competitions (all the way back in the 1980s!). Like any other school sporting event, there is a certain level of excitement in participating with peers with similar interests and talents in a competitive activity. At the Olympiad levels, there is also the opportunity to travel nationally and internationally, which is an experience I strongly recommend for all high-school students.
Mathematics competitions also demonstrate that mathematics is not just about grades and exams. But mathematical competitions are very different activities from mathematical learning or mathematical research; don’t expect the problems you get in, say, graduate study, to have the same cut-and-dried, neat flavour that an Olympiad problem does. (While individual steps in the solution might be able to be finished off quickly by someone with Olympiad training, the majority of the solution is likely to require instead the much more patient and lengthy process of reading the literature, applying known techniques, trying model problems or special cases, looking for counterexamples, and so forth.)
Also, the “classical” type of mathematics you learn while doing Olympiad problems (e.g. Euclidean geometry, elementary number theory, etc.) can seem dramatically different from the “modern” mathematics you learn in undergraduate and graduate school, though if you dig a little deeper you will see that the classical is still hidden within the foundation of the modern. For instance, classical theorems in Euclidean geometry provide excellent examples to inform modern algebraic or differential geometry, while classical number theory similarly informs modern algebra and number theory, and so forth. So be prepared for a significant change in mathematical perspective when one studies the modern aspects of the subject. (One exception to this is perhaps the field of combinatorics, which still has large areas which closely resemble its classical roots, though this is changing also.)
In summary: enjoy these competitions, but don’t neglect the more “boring” aspects of your mathematical education, as those turn out to be ultimately more useful.
For advice on how to solve mathematical problems, you can try my book on the subject.
Some collected quotes on mathematics competitions can be found here.
43 comments
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11 June, 2007 at 3:13 am
Anonymous
Hi Terry,
Thanks for this kind of post. I am a college student from the Philippines (not a mathematics major though) and it is nice to hear from a highly-rated mathematician on things like these. Few top-rated mathematician will even try to post advices like these and they are invaluable to students like me in third world countries like us.
Carlos
16 June, 2008 at 12:31 pm
这等牛人也在wordpress上写blog! « Just For Fun
[…] also good to remember that professional mathematics is not a sport (in sharp contrast to mathematics competitions). The objective in mathematics is not to obtain the highest ranking, the highest “score”, or […]
5 October, 2008 at 12:12 am
TH
Dear Terry,
I know that mathematical competitions and mathematical research are very different, and that one who is good at the former may not be good at doing the latter. But what about the other way around. Do you think it is likely that (or have seen many examples where) one who is a good/creative researcher is not a particularly good problem solver (assuming that one has the knowledge to solve the problems and that time is not a constraint)?
TH
5 December, 2017 at 2:28 pm
iamgoodname
exactly! I had the same doubt.
12 May, 2009 at 3:29 am
Duc Huy
Dear Prof Terrence Tao,
I’m a high school student in Vietnam. I decided to study Mathematics in higher level but I’m not sure if I’ve made a good choice or not. I’ve failed in my efforts to get into the Mathematics Gifted High School in my country, therefore I was unable to take part in any Mathematics competition. I found my passion in Mathematics very late but now I want to study Mathematics seriously. Do you think a “non-gifted” student like me should major in Mathematics?
28 March, 2018 at 7:48 am
Anonymous
Why not?
5 June, 2009 at 4:53 am
Essential Career Lessons
[…] 3. “Boring” things are important … enjoy these competitions, but don’t neglect the more “boring” aspects of your mathematical education, as those turn out to be ultimately more useful. (source) […]
19 August, 2009 at 1:46 am
School Awards
i think maths competitions are a great outlet for students to showcase their skills, and i am in awe of anyone who takes part (my maths is horrendous)! and not everyone is into sports or drama or other supposedly ‘cool’ activities so maths comps are great for those who enjoy maths and stats. thanks for a great post
7 February, 2010 at 8:25 am
AMLAN CHAKRABORTY
I AM A STUDENT INTERESTED IN MATHEMATICS AND THEORITICAL PHYSICS.HOW TO INCULCATE THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPERAMENT RIGHT FROM CHILDHOOD AND THEN INTO ADULTHOOD?
2 November, 2011 at 10:59 am
Thomas Lawrence (@TommyJLawrence)
Hey there, I was wondering if you could advise me on an issue about my capabilities in mathematics. I consider myself to be quite a good mathematician with a good mathematical intuition owing to me being rather good in normal maths lessons. However, I am terrible in maths Olympiads mainly because I get flustered and confuse myself (I never have any fun doing them unlike normal classes). This really damages my confidence as I fare far worse than my piers,many of whom spend much less time reading and thinking about maths. Do you think that my consistently terrible performances on maths challenges show that I am not the type of person for a career in mathematics or physics? I am sorry for such a silly self-absorbed question.
2 November, 2011 at 1:35 pm
Terence Tao
You may find the quotes and discussion at http://lesswrong.com/lw/2v1/great_mathematicians_on_math_competitions_and/ to be helpful.
3 November, 2011 at 9:01 am
ronnie74
Thanks Professor Tao, I plan on purchasing your book, as we have a gifted child that is taking interest in math competitions. I really don’t understand where she gets it from though, haha.
8 April, 2013 at 5:57 am
tomcircle
Agree. China has been champion in International Math Olympiad (IMO) for over 15 years, but none of the Gold Medalists go on to be Fields medalist or great mathematician.
While France has not been doing well in IMO but produced 1/3 of Fields Medalists.
Math Olympiad is like “acrobaic t to the real Kongfu, although both look alike in kicks and punches, Kongfu (like Taij)i are real !
24 May, 2013 at 8:29 pm
tomcircle
Very few mathematicians could recognize that classical math (Geometry, algebra, number theory) ‘inform’ modern math. Felix Klein spent his later part of his life promoting to ‘teaching Elementary Math from an Advanced Stand Point’.
As for Combinatorics, it appears in modern form in Hopf Algebra applied in Topology.
3 March, 2014 at 7:37 am
Kamini
Sir,
i don’t know what happen wit me..because when m goin study mathematics or science at that time i can able to undertand the difficulties or salution but when my teacher ask me that solutions the day of my study i cnt answer those questions..so please tell me sir how can i able to capture all those for all the time..
3 March, 2014 at 7:52 am
tomcircle
Understand is not enough, Math needs a lot of practices. You must do Math exercises.
1 September, 2015 at 5:33 pm
Jpar
after you understand, practice speaking and writing out the solution and the difficult as if you were the teacher explaining to someone else. Then try to poke holes in your own explanations. That should help you retain what you already know, clarify what your weakness in understanding is, and help you be more confident that you really know what you think you know. Don’t be intimidated by your teacher – their job is to teach you, yours is to learn. If that isn’t happening, something isn’t right.
15 April, 2014 at 3:24 am
Hab
Dear prof.Terrence Tao, thank you for your intellectual advice about “mathematical competitions”. I live in Ethiopia & I have got MSc. Degree in Combinatorics but still i don’t have a published scientific paper. Please can you advice me about researches in Combinatorial Mathematics.
17 July, 2014 at 3:10 am
Siobhan Tobin
Hello Professor Tao, you probably already knew this, Australians Alex Gunning and Ishraq Huda have won IMO and IOI 2014 respectively! It’s great to see Australians excelling at more than just sport (to use your own turn of phrase). http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-16/melbourne-teenage-mathlete-wins-gold-for-the-second-time-/5602226
I realise the Olympiads aren’t all there is to being a mathematician or a scientist; however, it’s pretty amazing to have two Aussies doing so well in the one year.
You remain a bit of an inspiration to us all down under!
20 December, 2014 at 3:09 am
Ramovha manuel
competition is good at math because it make you to always practice so that you cannot lose..and when you are doing so it make you to be best student.I always do competition with my friend ,if i lose i becone angry that what make me to work hard so that i must not lose again.math is easy
21 December, 2014 at 8:48 am
Lyubomir Lyubenov
Dear Sir/Madam,
We would be very grateful, if you send the information below to schools in your country.
We will be happy if they participate in our mathematical tournament and experience the pleasure to compete with children all over the world.
Dear friends of mathematics,
The Autumn round of the II International Tournament “Mathematics without Borders”, organized by Pedagogical Association EDUCATION WITHOUT BORDERS – Bulgaria and Science and Education Center INNOVATION – Kazakhstan, is over.
14 810 students from 20 countries (Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Brazil, Bulgaria, France, India, Kazakhstan, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Russia, South Korea, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, Turkey, USA and Uzbekistan), located on three continents (Europe, Asia and America) took part in the contest.
To view the results, click here http://www.mathematicalmail.com/category.php?id=76
Medals for the winners and certificates for all participants were sent by mail.
Your photos from the award ceremony are welcome. If students and their parents do not object, we will post pictures on the website.
Those who could not participate in the first round, still have a chance to compete in the final round for the Tournament Cup – they can participate in the next two rounds – Winter (from 24 January to 1 February 2015) and Spring (from 21 to 29 March 2014). An invitation to participate in the final round will be sent to students with the highest sum of points obtained in two of the three remote contests.
For more information please visit our website: http://www.mathematicalmail.com
Thank you for your interest!
Thank you for your cooperation!
Congratulations to the winners!
6 February, 2015 at 5:26 pm
Career Advice by Prof Terence Tao, Mozart of Mathematics | MScMathematics
[…] academic, physical, or intellectual development. Of course, one should still work hard, and participate in competitions if one wishes; but competitions and academic achievements should not be viewed as ends in […]
20 June, 2015 at 1:26 pm
Luvuyo niselo
I have see so many oppoturnity but maths is like sport no need to be clever at school but you must love maths and practice it so tht u cn overcome theory but your thoughts ,and maths is also a key to better future and success
1 July, 2015 at 12:02 pm
Frederick
Win competition of maths by writting test or answering question
29 July, 2015 at 10:29 am
Science Olympiads are not only about science | Pablo Maldonado
[…] are poorly correlated with success in actual mathematical research (see Terence Tao’s post) and that they discourage people from getting into maths, because they are not “talented […]
5 August, 2015 at 9:52 am
Kate
Recently found great source of american math olympiads:
http://mathcompetitions.info/
Very comprehensive, with examples and scholarships
2 February, 2016 at 7:53 pm
brazilla
Do you think that deep learning algorithms can win mathematics competitions like they did in the go game?
16 February, 2016 at 10:42 pm
Soham
Hello Prof. Tao,
I find your articles quite inspiring and helpful. But I seem to be in a dilemma. I am a 15 year old boy from India, with an exceptional thirst for mathematics and physics. I have been very good in mathematics and my interest in the subject has led me to explore calculus. I have mastered differential calculus in 1 dimension and am currently reading up on integration. .. I have learnt quite a lot of topics in other fields of mathematics. … However my parents seem to think that mathematics does not have much scope for research…… This has led me to think on my choice for mathematics or physics. I would b grateful if you could provide your valuable advice
2 June, 2016 at 9:04 pm
Terrence Tao’s Advice – ashadianand
[…] Y in only Z years, or on scoring A on test B at age C..Of course, one should still work hard, and participate in competitions if one wishes; but competitions and academic achievements should not be viewed as ends in […]
26 July, 2016 at 9:53 am
Prajjwal datir
I love maths , so what should I do?
30 July, 2016 at 11:44 am
Nikita
Link to the book mentioned in the last lines is broken.
[Link updated, thanks – T.]
13 August, 2016 at 9:38 am
Against the “Research vs. Olympiads” Mantra | Power Overwhelming
[…] olympiads are very different from math research”. (For known instances, see O’Neil, Tao, and more. More neutral stances: Monks, […]
23 October, 2016 at 7:52 am
Alapan Chaudhuri
Dear Prof Terry Tao,
Sir, are there any great mathematicians and professors who were not good at math Olympiads. I would be very much happy to know of some as I feel totally depressed by the so called ‘time limit’. Please help!!
18 January, 2017 at 6:07 pm
Nikki Nan
Hi there, I’m student from secondary school in Papua New Guinea and i’m decide to study mathematics in higher instutition but i’m not sure…
2 August, 2018 at 9:50 am
International Mathematics Competition in Blagoevgrad – Journey In Mathematics
[…] competition problems. (Note that competition math is fundamentally different to research math! See Tao, Evan Chen etc.) While I got silver with 36/100 points, the best two performances achieved 97/100 […]
5 December, 2018 at 10:46 pm
olympiadpreparation
It’s a lifetime memory when one achieves the success in any Olympiad Exams and gets praised throughout. Experience shared on the post is very well compiled and providing a brief information about Maths Olympiad Exam. Thanks for sharing the experience with us, keep updating us on the topics and latest developments in the field of Olympiad Exams.
12 February, 2019 at 3:34 am
Sarvesh Singh
Your sources motivates me even I’m 25th.I’m not very good at mathematics and computation. But I believe in beauty of mathematics, that is on the notion. Sometimes I browse your blog for some conflict intellectual questions in my Mind. Your books Analysis 1 and Analysis 2 motivates me to start from scratch and not worry about computational background.
9 October, 2020 at 9:07 pm
terry xie
Absolutely!! Math competition can be a sport activity that allows students to play and learn in order to achieve a higher level of content in the future. It is also a great opportunity to have a comprehensive check of yourself in math. There are many math competitions for students to participate, but only few of them are providing online versions to students to take it at home. However, I got a nice website called Beestar that has an online math competition, so my kid can participate at home to save time on traffic. Beestar focuses on providing an elementary level of math in order to build up students’ interest in math thus enhancing grade in school.
11 December, 2020 at 11:52 pm
Moushumi
I was looking for Olympiad exams that provide individual registration and online exam mode for students. I found CREST and Unicus Olympiads provides this. Is there any site that provides this facility too?
24 February, 2021 at 11:09 pm
Gray
Math competition is for students to practice and gain more experiences from it. Also Math competition is a self check test as well, which is helping students to understand their math level in order to focus on the weakness area. Beestar is what I use to get math exercises and math competitions, and it is online and affordable.
8 May, 2021 at 12:09 pm
Vaibhav Mishra
Thanks for sharing this blog with us
National Mathematics Olympiad
16 October, 2021 at 12:38 am
xiaomingooo
Dear Professor Tao, I have a question for you. I am a Chinese high school student who likes mathematics very much. Although I spend a lot of time on Mathematics (some advanced content for our age), my math scores in some tests are lower than ordinary people. Should I adjust my schedule? I would appreciate your reply.
31 August, 2022 at 8:30 pm
Ryan Yang
[…] [4] https://terrytao.wordpress.com/career-advice/advice-on-mathematics-competitions/ […]